Perdas de nutrientes e produtividade da soja em diferentes graus de erosão simulada

Abstract

Erosion represents one of the most severe forms of soil degradation, causing environmental challenges and obstacles to the development of society. Inadequate management of agricultural soils has increased erosion processes, resulting in a decrease in productivity and an increase in socio-environmental problems. The objective of this work was to evaluate the yield components of the soybean crop (Glycine max) in three levels of simulated erosion and quantify the loss of soil and nutrients. The experiment was carried out in the period 2022/2023, under a randomized block design, with four treatments and five replications, namely: without soil removal, 2 cm furrows, 4 cm furrows and 7 cm furrows. In the components number of legumes per plant, grains per vegetable, grains per plant and weight of one thousand grains, there was no significant difference, however, the treatment without removal showed greater plant height and final population of plants with 74.96 cm and 244,444. 42 thousand plants ha-1 respectively and with furrows of 7 cm the lowest plant height and final plant population with 44.86 cm and 38,518.52 thousand plants ha-1 respectively. The greatest soil loss was in the treatment with the greatest removal of the soil layer, generating a loss of 702.4 Mg ha-1 of soil. Soybean productivity was reduced as the removed layer increased, reaching a productivity of 4.8 Mg ha1 in the layer without soil removal, while in the greatest removal (7 cm) productivity reduced to 1.1, Mg ha1, totaling a loss of 76.9% in productivity, confirming the losses generated by erosion in soybean cultivation.