Cultivo de cogumelos e a utilização de resíduos agrícolas e agroindustriais gerados no estado do Paraná

Abstract

Mushrooms can be cultivated using a wide variety of lignocellulosic residues. Besides contributing significantly to the cycle of organic matter, this bioconversion process provides a food source of nutritional and medicinal quality. In Paraná State, as in other regions of Brazil, agriculture is one of the main economic activities and generates a large variety of these residues. The reduction of loss and waste of the biomass, as well as its reincorporation and revalorization, contributes to the promotion of a circular economy model, increasing the efficiency and productivity of resources, with a positive effect on ecosystems. The objective of this work is to verify in the existing literature what information is present regarding the biological efficiency of substrates for mushroom production, based on the main agricultural waste generated in the state of Paraná, as a proposal to advance the promotion of a more circular economy model. Through the results of the research, it was possible to identify 39 types of agricultural waste, 785 treatments and 24 species of mushrooms such as Pleurotus ostreatus, present in 276 treatments, followed by Pleurotus florida (92), Lentinula edodes (90), Pleurotus sajor-caju (66), Pleurotus pulmonarius (51), Pleurotus djamor (50) and Pleurotus eryngii (35) - to cite a few. Among the 785 treatments, the most frequent residues were wheat straw and bran, rice straw and flour, sugar cane bagasse, corn stalks and cob, eucalyptus sawdust, and banana leaf. Only 276 of the treatments presented a minimum biological efficiency of 60%. From the systematization of the data, it was possible to see an expressive relationship between biological efficiency and the strains used. On the other hand, the regression analyses showed a weak relationship between biological efficiency and the C/N ratio. In general, the information obtained and the data treated can contribute to the utilization and management of a variety of waste for its use in cultivation of mushrooms efficiently and regularly. The exhausted substrate from cultivation can still be used as organic compost in crops, as animal feed, bioremediation, and also for energy production, embracing the concept of circular economy.