Extrato etanólico de própolis de Tetragonisca angustula Latreille no controle de fitopatógenos e doenças do tomateiro

Abstract

Tetragonisca angustula is one of the main stingless bees used to produce honey and propolis. These produced derivatives are studied in human health for their medicinal properties. However, there is little information on its potential use for plant health. Thus, this work aims to evaluate the potential of T. angustula propolis extract in controlling tomato diseases. The ethanolic extract of propolis (EEP) was obtained by maceration for 15 days in 70% ethanol, followed by filtering and dilution in water at different concentrations. Under laboratory conditions, concentrations of 0, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2 and 3% of the ethanolic extract were evaluated on the mycelial growth of the fungi Alternaria solani, Septoria lycopersici and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and antibacterial activity against Xanthomonas vesicatoria. Under greenhouse conditions, experiments were carried out with the application of concentrations of ethanolic extract of propolis in a preventive and curative manner. The severity of the diseases was assessed based on the first symptoms. EEP promoted a significant antifungal effect on the mycelial growth of A. solani, S. lycopersici and S. sclerotiorum, with inhibition of 84.8, 96.0 and 77.8% in relation to the control without propolis, respectively. EEP also significantly inhibited X. vesicatoria. In tomato plants there was little effect of EEP concentrations but, in general, curative applications promoted lower severity of septoria in relation to preventive application. Under the study conditions, the results demonstrate the biological activity of T. angustula EEP on phytopathogens, although with more significant results in vitro.