Agroecologia e soberania alimentar no Haiti: os desafios da produção de alimentos sob o domínio do neoliberalismo

Abstract

The 1990s were characterized, in Latin America and the Caribbean, by the rise of neoliberal policies, marked by market liberalization, the diminishing role of the State in the economy, and the privatization of public sectors, which affected farmers in rural areas of the region, particularly in Haiti.From this perspective, this paper aims to analyze the resistance of Haitian peasants during the social formation of the State, discussing their role in peasant struggles. In theoretical and conceptual terms, we work with the concepts of "food regimes", "food sovereignty" and "agroecology". We study the history of the Haitian peasantry and their struggles to survive in the face of the State and neoliberalism. We conducted the research using three methodological procedures: first, we reviewed the bibliographical references; second, we studied documents of the Haitian State with a focus on the most recent data regarding food and nutritional security; and third, we conducted interviews with the most well-known social movements in Haiti to understand the current situation of the peasantry. It was possible to consider that the issue of agrarian reform is the main problem that peasants have faced from 1806 to the present day (2024). Despite several peasant resistance struggles, the issue of agrarian reform has not been resolved and continues to be considered an essential alternative to achieve agricultural development.