Estudo clássico da dinâmica de um plasma: deduções

Abstract

This work aimed to carry out a theoretical study of plasma dynamics, with emphasis on the physical and mathematical derivations that describe the motion of charged particles subjected to different configurations of electric and magnetic fields. The methodology adopted was bibliographic research, with both qualitative and quantitative approaches, based on sources such as books, articles, and audiovisual materials published between 1960 and 2025. Initially, the fundamental concepts of plasma physics were presented, including temperature, plasma definition, classification criteria, and characteristic parameters. Subsequently, the classical behavior of charged particles in uniform and non-uniform electromagnetic fields was analyzed. Finally, the interaction between the solar wind plasma and Earth’s magnetic field was studied, with emphasis on the magnetic confinement mechanisms that occur in the Van Allen belts. It was found that charged particles originating from the Sun, when trapped by the geomagnetic field, performed cyclotron motion, magnetic mirroring, and drift. These combined motions resulted in closed trajectories, responsible for phenomena such as the ring current. The study sought to contribute to the understanding of the physics underlying these processes and to offer an accessible approach to plasma studies at the undergraduate level.