As ações afirmativas na educação superior: a lei de cotas e o perfil dos estudantes das universidades federais brasileiras

Abstract

The present dissertation examines the Quota Law implementation process in brazilians federal universities from 2012 to 2019. The purpose of the study was (i) to analyze the main changes that the Law 12.711/12 introduced in national student admission to public universities; (ii) to understand the main advances and contributions of the Quota Law for the inclusion and access democratization to public higher education and (iii) to study the changes that Affirmative Actions introduced in the socioeconomic and racial status of students at federal public universities in the period between 2012 and 2019. The research was developed through the analysis of the main Affirmative Action Policies implemented in the country from the year 2000 (laws, decrees, ordinances, advisory opinions, bills, etc.) and, secondly, the gathering and systematization of higher education microdata available in the INEP Higher Education Census. The data on new entrants to federal universities were organized into categories and subcategories of analysis. Where used the Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) software and the program, Excel, for the indicators systematization. Among Other results, the study showed that: (i) there was a significant increase in the number of students admission through the quota system. In 2012, even without a mandatory reserve, 12.7% of the students were quota students, in 2019 the percentage was 39.6%; (ii) social groups underrepresented from higher education had access to federal universities. In 2019, 64.9% of first-year students had completed high school in public schools and 47.4% declared themselves to be black, brown or indigenous, and 1.2% declared to have some type of disability; (iii) the importance of the Quota Law in the democratization of access and social inclusion in higher education; (iv) the need for continuity and improvement of the law, while associating it with other public permanence policies.